Absolute zero

Absolute zero is the theoretical temperature at which entropy reaches its minimum value. The laws of thermodynamics state that absolute zero cannot be reached using only thermodynamic means.

A system at absolute zero possesses quantum mechanical zero-point energy. While molecular motion does not cease entirely at absolute zero, the system does not have enough energy for transference to other systems. It is therefore correct to say that molecular kinetic energy is minimal at absolute zero.

By international agreement, absolute zero is defined as 0K on the Kelvin scale and as −273.15°C on the Celsius scale.[1] This equates to −459.67°F on the Fahrenheit scale. Scientists have achieved temperatures very close to absolute zero, where matter exhibits quantum effects such as superconductivity and superfluidity.


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A system at absolute zero possesses quantum mechanical zero-point energy. While molecular motion does not cease entirely at absolute zero, the system does not have enough energy for transference to other systems. It is therefore correct to say that molecular kinetic energy is minimal at absolute zero.
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